Kallie!
I answered the question thingy for each person I did instead of #1., #2., etc.
Democritus: The Greek philosophers wanted to explain the natural world; through observations, philosophers believed that a single "primary matter" existed. It was of this “primary matter”, modified in various ways that all other things were created. Democritus expanded the idea to state that matter was composed of small particles called "atoms" that could be divided no further. These atoms were all composed of the same primary matter with the only differences between them being their size, shape and weight. The differences in these characteristics explained the differences in the properties of the matter around us. Democritus’ ideas were ignored for the next 2,000 years; however, they proved to be very useful in the further research of the atoms.
John Dalton: For nearly 2000 years science was unable to come up with experiments capable of testing the theories of Democritus. During the 19th century, a huge amount of data on how substances react with each other was collected. From this data, some simple laws of chemical reactivity had been developed, including the law of conservation of matter and law of multiple proportions. While others had proposed very similar theories, John Dalton is usually credited with developing the first coherent atomic theory.
Dalton's theory:
Matter is composed of small particles called atoms.
All atoms of an element are identical, but are different from those of any other element.
During chemical reactions, atoms are neither created nor destroyed, but are simply rearranged.
Atoms always combine in whole number multiples of each other. For example, 1:1, 1:2, 2:3 or 1:3.
In addition to helping to explain the laws of chemical reactivity, Dalton's theory also helped further the concept of atomic weights. By assuming that nature would be as simple as possible, Dalton assumed that the elements preferred to combine in one to one ratios, and was therefore able to tabulate a set of relative weights.
For example:
If nature is simple, the formula for water will be HO. Since it was known that water contained 8 grams of oxygen for every one gram of hydrogen, then oxygen atoms must be eight times more massive than hydrogen atoms. It was also known that, in the compound formed between hydrogen and sulfur, there were 16 grams of sulfur for every one gram of hydrogen. Sulfur atoms must therefore be 16 times more massive than hydrogen. From this data we could start to build a table.
hydrogen
1
oxygen
8
sulfur
16
We know now that nature is not always so simple, and that elements often combine in ratios other than one to one. As such, many of Dalton's weights were incorrect. This table did, however, represent a big step forward.
Dmitri Mendeleev: Contributions by Amedeo Avogadro, Stanilao Cannizarro and J.J. Berzulius in the first half of the 19th century led to the accurate determination of the atomic weights of the elements and chemical formulas of compounds made from them. These determinations paved the way for the first periodic table of the elements.
While writing a textbook for his chemistry students Dmitri Mendeleev attempted to classify the elements not by some "accidental, or instinctive reasons, but by some exact principle." He believed that this exact system should be numerical in nature to eliminate any margin of arbitrariness. The only unchanging numerical data available at this time was the atomic weight. By arranging the elements in order of increasing atomic weight he discovered that there existed a periodicity of the elemental properties. He used this periodicity to create a table in which those elements with similar properties were vertically aligned with each other.
In making such alignments Mendeleev was able to determine that several, as yet unidentified, elements should exist. He went on to make predictions about the properties of these missing elements which aided in their discovery. The discovery of scandium (44), gallium (68) and germanium (72) and examination of their properties provided evidence that the periodic table was valid.
From Henri Becquerel to Marie and Pierre Curie:
In 1896, Henri Becquerel discovered that a sample of uranium was able to expose a photographic plate even when the sample and plate were separated by black paper. He also discovered that the exposure of the plate did not depend on the chemical state of the uranium (what uranium compound was used) and therefore must be due to some property of the uranium atom itself. After Becquerel abandoned this work, it was continued by Pierre and Marie Curie who went on to discover other radioactive elements including polonium, radium and thorium. Marie further suggested that the uranium, and the new elements, were somehow disintegrating over time and emitting radiation that exposed the plate. She called this "radioactivity". For the first time it became apparent that atoms might be composed of even smaller particles and might have a structure that could be analyzed.
The exact nature of the radiation coming from the disintegrating elements remained a mystery until a series of papers by Ernest Rutherford in 1899 and Paul Villard in 1900. After determining that the radiation emitted from uranium was composed of two different components, Rutherford unsuccessfully attempted to separate those using prisms of glass, aluminum and paraffin wax. Eventually, using two oppositely charged plates, he identified the components as positive particles (alpha particles) and lighter mass negative particles (beta particles). Villard identified a third primary type of radioactivity, gamma rays, from a radium sample. Gamma rays have no mass and possess no charge.
There are at least two important points:
The positive particles are bent toward the negative plate, the negative particles are bent toward the positive plate and the neutral particles are not bent in either direction.
The extent to which the path of a particle is bent as it passes through an electric field depends on its mass and its charge
the larger the charge on the particle, the further it is bent.
the larger the mass of the particle, the less it is bent.
While alpha particles were determined to have a larger charge than the beta particles (+2 vs. -1), they also have over 7000 times the mass of the beta particle. Therefore, their path is bent much less than that of the beta particle.
J.J. Thomson: At approximately the same time as radioactivity was being investigated, J.J. Thomson and others were performing experiments with cathode ray tubes. A cathode ray tube is an evacuated tube that contains a small amount of gas between two metallic plates. When a potential is placed between the cathode (the negatively charged plate) and the anode (the positively charged plate) a "ray" of electric current passes from one plate to the other. Thomson discovered that this ray was actually composed of particles.
When a second set of plates is placed around the tube, the ray is bent toward the positive plate indicating that the ray is composed of negatively charged particles. By varying the potential on the plates, Thomson was able to determine the mass to charge ratio of these particles.
In further experiments he varied what metal was used to make the electrodes and what gas was used to filled the tube. In each case, the properties of the ray particles were exactly the same. He concluded that the negatively charged particles were subatomic particles that were part of every atom. He further surmised that, since atoms were electrically neutral, the atom must also contain some positive charge. Based on these conclusions Thomson proposed that an atom was composed of a spherical ball of positive charge with "corpuscles" of negative charge imbedded in it. The corpuscles would later become known as electrons.
Ernest Rutherford: Thomson had identified that the atom was composed of positive and negative charges and had proposed that the atom was a solid mass of these particles. If this model were true, any particles shot at the atom should be deflected by it. If the negative and positive charges were in some arrangement that left empty space in the atom, particles shot at the atom might be able to pass through them. In 1909, Rutherford set a fellow scientist, Hans Geiger, and a student, Ernest Marsden, to work on this problem. They devised a system that allowed alpha particles (the nuclei of helium atoms) to be shot at a very thin piece of gold foil and the trajectory of the particles monitored. They observed that while most of the particles passed through the foil with little or no deflection, some were deflected to a great degree.
Since the gold film was so thin, Rutherford proposed that all of the deflections observed were from single encounters of alpha particles with the atom. In order to deflect the relatively large and swiftly moving alpha particles to such a large extent, a large force was required. This force, he contended, could only be caused by a large concentration of positive charge within the atom. This large concentration of charge was located at the center of the atom and became known as the nucleus. The negative charge, in the form of electrons, was then distributed throughout the rest of the space occupied by the atom. In order to account for the fact that many of the alpha particles passed through the gold film, Rutherford discounted Thompson's solid ball model of the atom, and believed that the central positive charge of the atom represented only a small fraction of the atom's size, and that the remainder was primarily empty space. He calculated that, while an individual atom was about 1x10-10 meters in diameter, the nuclear diameter was only about 1x10-14 meters.
While solving the problem of the observed alpha particle deflection, Rutherford's model created another. If the positive charge was located at the center of the atom, why were the negatively charged electrons not immediately drawn into it (opposite charges attract). Rutherford was not unaware of this problem but his model so adequately (and mathematically) explained the scattering results that it became widely accepted.
Robert Millikan: The idea that an elementary unit of charge should exist seems to have originated with Benjamin Franklin around 1850. It was not until the work of Robert Millikin that the number value of this charge could be determined. It was known that X-rays could be used to impart a negative charge to an oil droplet in a chamber that contains it. Like all objects of mass, the influence of gravity causes the oil droplet to fall. Millikin placed charged plates at the top and bottom of his chamber. By varying the potential between the plates, he discovered that he was able to suspend the droplet in mid-air. The droplet remained suspended when the downward force of gravity was exactly balanced by the upward electrical force caused by the charged plates. Since both gravitational and electrical equations were known to determine these forces, Millikin was able to calculate the charge on each of the droplets he tested (Note 1). The calculated charges on the droplets all turned out to multiples of a single number. Millikin therefore reasoned the elementary charge, or the smallest of charge, must be equal to this value. By combining his new information with the mass to charge ratio for the electron determined by Thomson, the mass of an electron was calculated for the first time.
While Millikan did observe that the drops could be suspended motionless in the chamber, his calculations actually used the time it took for the charged particle to rise in the presence of an electric field and to fall in the absence of an applied electric field.
Henry Moseley: When an atom is bombarded with energetic electrons, a rearrangement of the core electrons can result in the emission of an x-ray. It had been observed that the frequency of the emitted x-rays was characteristic of the element bombarded. Since the core electrons are those closest to the nucleus the frequency of the emitted x-ray can be influenced by the charge and structure of the nucleus. As the nuclei of different elements have different properties, it stands to reason that the emitted x-ray should have different frequencies.
This relationship led Moseley to believe that "there is in the atom a fundamental quantity, which increases by regular steps as we pass from one element to the next." As the atomic weight of the elements does not increase in regular steps he concluded that the "quantity can only be the charge on the central positive nucleus" of the Rutherford atom. This "Q" value would become known as the atomic number.
James Chadwick: As of 1930, only two known elementary particles had been identified, the proton and the electron. Protons were known to have a mass of 1 and a charge of +1, while electrons had essentially no mass and a charge of -1. Moseley had shown convincingly that the charge on the nucleus increases in steps of +1 as one traverse the periodic table. To account for this it was apparent that the nucleus of each atom contained a number of protons equal to its atomic number. In order to remain electrically neutral, it also contained an equivalent number of electrons.
The primary difficulty remaining was accounting for the extra mass found in the nucleus. The most prominent theory held that this mass was provided by extra proton/electron pairs in nucleus. Consider helium as an example. It is element #2 and therefore contained 2 protons and 2 electrons. However, the helium atom was known to have a mass of 4. To reach this mass would require an extra 2 protons. In order to remain electrically neutral, an extra two electrons must also be added.
Unfortunately, experimental studies involving the spins (angular momentum) of atoms, protons and electrons showed that the proton/electron theory was invalid. The problem of the extra nuclear mass was solved in 1932 when James Chadwick identified the neutron. While studying the radiation resulting from the bombardment of beryllium with alpha particles, Chadwick noted a particle with approximately the same mass as a proton being released. He determined that, as the particle was not bent by electrical fields and was highly penetrating, it was electrically neutral.
It was originally proposed that a neutron was simply a proton and electron in very close proximity to each other. However, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle definitively killed this idea, and the neutron became accepted as the third elementary particle.
Monday, October 25, 2010
Monday, September 27, 2010
Garfield
1.Einstein, Dalton, Democritus, Rutherford, and Bhor
2. None of them developed the atom. Only discovered either a new way we percieve it or theorized how atoms work and interact with all other matter.
3. The later the scientist came, the more information that they knew. Each one benefited from the scientist that came before them.
4. For the most part money was not an issue for any of the scientists. But, the time period they came from greatly affected their discoveries. They didnt exactly have a way of smashing atoms together during greek times.
5. We consider them theories for one major reason..... WE ARE STILL FINDING NEW INFORMATION. Untill we can develope a way to FULLY break down an atom and all its parts, we cant be 100% sure how it all works. String theory connects the atom with the cosmos (smallest known thing in the universe and the actual universe) and it simply says that atoms and its parts act in the same manner of celestial bodies. Yet many of its parts go against the laws of phisics, but still seem quite possible.
6. Understanding the structure of the atom gives us a better understanding of why things happen. We as humans wont quit working towards our ultimate goal of absolute knowledge untill we can answer why everything happens. Atoms are simply the building block of everything and the basis for further understanding and even further development of greater technology.
2. None of them developed the atom. Only discovered either a new way we percieve it or theorized how atoms work and interact with all other matter.
3. The later the scientist came, the more information that they knew. Each one benefited from the scientist that came before them.
4. For the most part money was not an issue for any of the scientists. But, the time period they came from greatly affected their discoveries. They didnt exactly have a way of smashing atoms together during greek times.
5. We consider them theories for one major reason..... WE ARE STILL FINDING NEW INFORMATION. Untill we can develope a way to FULLY break down an atom and all its parts, we cant be 100% sure how it all works. String theory connects the atom with the cosmos (smallest known thing in the universe and the actual universe) and it simply says that atoms and its parts act in the same manner of celestial bodies. Yet many of its parts go against the laws of phisics, but still seem quite possible.
6. Understanding the structure of the atom gives us a better understanding of why things happen. We as humans wont quit working towards our ultimate goal of absolute knowledge untill we can answer why everything happens. Atoms are simply the building block of everything and the basis for further understanding and even further development of greater technology.
Dustin George
-who were the main characters in the development of the atom?
Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Becquerel, Rutherford, Chadwick, Bohr, and Muller
- Why were they vital to the development of the atom_ what made them different if anything?
Due to the many discoveries by philosophers happening during Greek times, Democritus would have had an atmosphere that would encourage deep thought. He would need to be of a high enough class so that he would have the time to think on such things instead of focusing on food.
The more modern scientists would also need to be of a higher class, or capable of receiving grants dues to the equipment costs of their experiments.
- Why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? What are the new developments- would love for you to share new sources here about what you find?
The atomic theory is still a theory because it is still being added to and revised.
One such example would be hydrinos, hydrogen atoms that can exist in energy states not predicted by the quantum theory, discovered discovered in the past decade or so.
http://www.thenational.ae/article/20081026/FRONTIERS/286862798/1036/NATIONAL
- Why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom?
It helps us understand how and why different atoms bond together.
This would allow for the discovery of different more efficient methods and materials.
Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Becquerel, Rutherford, Chadwick, Bohr, and Muller
- Why were they vital to the development of the atom_ what made them different if anything?
- Democritus was the original one to theorize the idea that there was an indivisible unit of matter.
- Dalton made a (flawed) theory defining the properties of atoms
- Thomson discovered the electron
- Rutherford discovered protons.Chadwick discovered neutrons
- Bohr came up with the idea of a nucleus and shells of electrons making the first major atomic model.
- Muller helped proved the theory of shells of electrons by photographing metal crystals
Due to the many discoveries by philosophers happening during Greek times, Democritus would have had an atmosphere that would encourage deep thought. He would need to be of a high enough class so that he would have the time to think on such things instead of focusing on food.
The more modern scientists would also need to be of a higher class, or capable of receiving grants dues to the equipment costs of their experiments.
- Why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? What are the new developments- would love for you to share new sources here about what you find?
The atomic theory is still a theory because it is still being added to and revised.
One such example would be hydrinos, hydrogen atoms that can exist in energy states not predicted by the quantum theory, discovered discovered in the past decade or so.
http://www.thenational.ae/article/20081026/FRONTIERS/286862798/1036/NATIONAL
- Why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom?
It helps us understand how and why different atoms bond together.
This would allow for the discovery of different more efficient methods and materials.
Sunday, September 26, 2010
Kyle
1.John Dalton, Democritus, Rutherford and Bohr.....and of course Einstein deh...
2.Technically they didn't develope the atom, they just came up with the way we now see the atom...some of them built models based on their observations...except Einstein..he just came up with ways for us to blow up Japan.
3.Einstein's brain was 22% wider than the normal human brain....and Democritus was greek.
4.The older scientists had less of the awesome technology that we have now...it wasnt a question of their money or neighborhood it was about the time in which they were raised.
5.Because their theories arent proven correct 100% of the time hence the fact that its a THEORY not a law...some had flaws like Dalton's theory that the electrons moved on a set track.
6.If we want to discover more about how we function and how the world was created and works (although I believe in creationism and have no interest in hearing other theories about how we came to be) andbut we deffinately need to know how the atom works to understand how the world works....
P.S.- Yes this is Kyle Writing this...I used purple as my color simply because i wanted to be different...no copy and pasting was done in the making of this blog
2.Technically they didn't develope the atom, they just came up with the way we now see the atom...some of them built models based on their observations...except Einstein..he just came up with ways for us to blow up Japan.
3.Einstein's brain was 22% wider than the normal human brain....and Democritus was greek.
4.The older scientists had less of the awesome technology that we have now...it wasnt a question of their money or neighborhood it was about the time in which they were raised.
5.Because their theories arent proven correct 100% of the time hence the fact that its a THEORY not a law...some had flaws like Dalton's theory that the electrons moved on a set track.
6.If we want to discover more about how we function and how the world was created and works (although I believe in creationism and have no interest in hearing other theories about how we came to be) andbut we deffinately need to know how the atom works to understand how the world works....
P.S.- Yes this is Kyle Writing this...I used purple as my color simply because i wanted to be different...no copy and pasting was done in the making of this blog
Jake
Jake
1. Who were the main characters in the development of the atom
John Dalton Discovered the atomic theory, Democritus- a crucial greek philosopher, Ernest Rutherford developed the first explanation of the structure of the atom, Niels Bohr used the quantum theory to further study the atom, Max Planck and Albert Einstein developed the quantum theory.
2. Why were they vital to the development of the atom.
Because all of their theories proved useful to the discovery of the atom.
3. What made them different if anything.
Not much between them was different, their works were all about proving the existence of atoms
4. Think about your lessons in history and discuss how the time period that they lived in determined the outcome of their discovery/ or how it influenced those individuals to be the names that we know today (aka did it matter where they grew up or if they had money?)
The scientist that date back farther on the time line would most likely have had less knowledge, due to the fact of the lack of technological advances. Where they grew up and how much money they had to spend on their projects was crucial.
5. Why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? What are the new developments- would love for you to share new sources here about what you find.
Because there were a few flaws in Daltons theory, one being that atoms could not be split. Another one being that it failed in the periodic table compounds, and spectrum. This led to its modifications. It is a theory because it is not deffinite, and COULD be proven wrong.
6. Why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom.
It is deffinitely important that we know the structure of the atom, These are the structure, and foundation of everything that surrounds us. In order to make more advances in science, we have to be able to fully understand the atom, if that is at all, possible.
1. Who were the main characters in the development of the atom
John Dalton Discovered the atomic theory, Democritus- a crucial greek philosopher, Ernest Rutherford developed the first explanation of the structure of the atom, Niels Bohr used the quantum theory to further study the atom, Max Planck and Albert Einstein developed the quantum theory.
2. Why were they vital to the development of the atom.
Because all of their theories proved useful to the discovery of the atom.
3. What made them different if anything.
Not much between them was different, their works were all about proving the existence of atoms
4. Think about your lessons in history and discuss how the time period that they lived in determined the outcome of their discovery/ or how it influenced those individuals to be the names that we know today (aka did it matter where they grew up or if they had money?)
The scientist that date back farther on the time line would most likely have had less knowledge, due to the fact of the lack of technological advances. Where they grew up and how much money they had to spend on their projects was crucial.
5. Why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? What are the new developments- would love for you to share new sources here about what you find.
Because there were a few flaws in Daltons theory, one being that atoms could not be split. Another one being that it failed in the periodic table compounds, and spectrum. This led to its modifications. It is a theory because it is not deffinite, and COULD be proven wrong.
6. Why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom.
It is deffinitely important that we know the structure of the atom, These are the structure, and foundation of everything that surrounds us. In order to make more advances in science, we have to be able to fully understand the atom, if that is at all, possible.
Alex
Main characters in the developement of the atom:
Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Millikan,
Bohr, Chadwick, Heisenberg
Vital to the developement/ differences/ new developements:
Democritus- suggested atomic theory, thought atoms
were completely solid, homogenous,indestructable objects
Dalton-all matter is made of atoms, atoms are indivisible
and indestructable, all atoms of a given element are identical
in mass and properites, compounds are formed by a combination
of two or more dieffernet kinds of atoms, a chemical reaction is
a rearrangement of atoms
Thomson-subjected cathode rays to magnetic and electric
fields and showed that the beam was deflected as would be
expected for negatively charged particles, calculated the
raito of the electron's charge to its mass, DID NOT coin the
term "electron" yet he is generally credited with the discovery
of the electron, "plum pudding" model of the atom which
suggested a solid atom with positively and negatively charged
particles evenly distriburted throughout the mass of the atom
Rutherford-credited with discovering that most of the atom
is made up of "empty space", condudted the "gold foil" experiment
from which he concluded that "the greater part of the mass was
concentrated in a minute nucleus", had a model where the positively
charged nucleus was surrounded by a great deal of "empty space"
through which the electrons moved
Millikan-conducted an "oil drop" experiment which allowed him to
measure the charge on an electron, found that the mass of the electron
to be 9.11x10^-28g
Bohr-proposed the improvement to Rutherford's atomic model, the
planetary model of the atom is sometimes called the Rutherford-Bohr
model, added the idea of fixed orbits or energy levels for the electron
traveling around the nucleus, this model allowed for the idea that
electrons fcan become "excited" and move to higher energy levels for
brief periods of time
Chadwick-known as the discoverer of the neutron, found these
uncharged particles with essentially the same mass as the proton
Heisenberg-pointed out that it is impossible to know both the exact
position and the exact momentum of an object at the same time, applied
this concept to the electron and realized that in order to get a fix on an
electron's position at anytime you would alter its momentum, any attempt
to study the velocity of an electron will alter its position, called this the
Heisenberg Uncertainty principle, this idea effectively destorys the idea
of electrons traveling around in nedat orbits, any electron that is subjected
to photons will have its momentum and position affected
Where they grew up or if they had money:
Some of them had money and others did not. Some of them went to school
and others did not. This was not an issue. All had some connection to science
other than themselves.
Theory not law:
As with a lot of things, proving is very difficult. Getting enough
information to support an idea is possible. Organic mechanisms
are one example. Data from many sources shows that a theory is
possible, but never really proves something is exact.
- Joe Schultz
There have been so many things about the atomic theory proven
wrong that you can not considered the whole thing a law, only parts
are completely true.
Important structure understanding:
It is important to understand the structure of the atom because
everything is made up of atoms. I think that if you cannot understand
atom, you cannot undertand what might happen in chemical reactions.
If you do not know what will happen in chemical reactions, then you may
not understand the chemical reactions in the body keeping you alive.
Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Millikan,
Bohr, Chadwick, Heisenberg
Vital to the developement/ differences/ new developements:
Democritus- suggested atomic theory, thought atoms
were completely solid, homogenous,indestructable objects
Dalton-all matter is made of atoms, atoms are indivisible
and indestructable, all atoms of a given element are identical
in mass and properites, compounds are formed by a combination
of two or more dieffernet kinds of atoms, a chemical reaction is
a rearrangement of atoms
Thomson-subjected cathode rays to magnetic and electric
fields and showed that the beam was deflected as would be
expected for negatively charged particles, calculated the
raito of the electron's charge to its mass, DID NOT coin the
term "electron" yet he is generally credited with the discovery
of the electron, "plum pudding" model of the atom which
suggested a solid atom with positively and negatively charged
particles evenly distriburted throughout the mass of the atom
Rutherford-credited with discovering that most of the atom
is made up of "empty space", condudted the "gold foil" experiment
from which he concluded that "the greater part of the mass was
concentrated in a minute nucleus", had a model where the positively
charged nucleus was surrounded by a great deal of "empty space"
through which the electrons moved
Millikan-conducted an "oil drop" experiment which allowed him to
measure the charge on an electron, found that the mass of the electron
to be 9.11x10^-28g
Bohr-proposed the improvement to Rutherford's atomic model, the
planetary model of the atom is sometimes called the Rutherford-Bohr
model, added the idea of fixed orbits or energy levels for the electron
traveling around the nucleus, this model allowed for the idea that
electrons fcan become "excited" and move to higher energy levels for
brief periods of time
Chadwick-known as the discoverer of the neutron, found these
uncharged particles with essentially the same mass as the proton
Heisenberg-pointed out that it is impossible to know both the exact
position and the exact momentum of an object at the same time, applied
this concept to the electron and realized that in order to get a fix on an
electron's position at anytime you would alter its momentum, any attempt
to study the velocity of an electron will alter its position, called this the
Heisenberg Uncertainty principle, this idea effectively destorys the idea
of electrons traveling around in nedat orbits, any electron that is subjected
to photons will have its momentum and position affected
Where they grew up or if they had money:
Some of them had money and others did not. Some of them went to school
and others did not. This was not an issue. All had some connection to science
other than themselves.
Theory not law:
As with a lot of things, proving is very difficult. Getting enough
information to support an idea is possible. Organic mechanisms
are one example. Data from many sources shows that a theory is
possible, but never really proves something is exact.
- Joe Schultz
There have been so many things about the atomic theory proven
wrong that you can not considered the whole thing a law, only parts
are completely true.
Important structure understanding:
It is important to understand the structure of the atom because
everything is made up of atoms. I think that if you cannot understand
atom, you cannot undertand what might happen in chemical reactions.
If you do not know what will happen in chemical reactions, then you may
not understand the chemical reactions in the body keeping you alive.
Saturday, September 25, 2010
Gabrielle
Who were the main characters in the development of the atom?
Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, James Chadwick, Henri Bequerel, Niels Bohr
Why were they vital to the development of the atom?
All of these people built off of each others theories discoveries and experiments to piece together the puzzle. Dalton had his atomic theory, Thompson discovered the electron, Rutherford discovered the proton, Chadwick discovered the neutron, Bohr created the Bohr model to display how the parts fit together, and Bequerel added to the final atom with his radioactive discovery.
What made them different if anything
They all had their differences and they all discovered differences. None of them came up with the exact same idea or model they added detail to it or changed something to it. However, they all centered their studies on atoms.
Think about your lessons in history and discuss how the time period that they lived in determined the outcome of their discovery/ or how it influenced those individuals to be the names that we know today (aka did it matter where they grew up or if they had money?)
Democritus-From ancient Greece and therefore grew up around other philosophers and had tutors that influenced him.
Dalton-Grew up in rural England in a poor family and began teaching with his brother for income.
Thomson-went to college and grew up in the city
Rutherford-big family, not rich, went to college
Chadwick-went to college grew up in the city
Bohr-father was a professor, and went to college
Some of them had money and others did not. So this was not such a big issue. However, all of them had some connection to science. Some mentor to fuel their experimental, philosophical, discovering expertise.
nobelprize.org
Why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? What are the new developments- would love for you to share new sources here about what you find
We still consider it a theory because parts of it are untrue. Atoms are divisible, just not by ordinary chemical means. The new developments to this are J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, James Chadwick, Henri Bequerel,and Niels Bohr's discoveries.
Why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom?
Atoms make up everything and the structure of atoms allows you to know many properties. To gain a greater understanding of how things works and continue to make new discoveries it is vital to know the basics.
Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, James Chadwick, Henri Bequerel, Niels Bohr
Why were they vital to the development of the atom?
All of these people built off of each others theories discoveries and experiments to piece together the puzzle. Dalton had his atomic theory, Thompson discovered the electron, Rutherford discovered the proton, Chadwick discovered the neutron, Bohr created the Bohr model to display how the parts fit together, and Bequerel added to the final atom with his radioactive discovery.
What made them different if anything
They all had their differences and they all discovered differences. None of them came up with the exact same idea or model they added detail to it or changed something to it. However, they all centered their studies on atoms.
Think about your lessons in history and discuss how the time period that they lived in determined the outcome of their discovery/ or how it influenced those individuals to be the names that we know today (aka did it matter where they grew up or if they had money?)
Democritus-From ancient Greece and therefore grew up around other philosophers and had tutors that influenced him.
Dalton-Grew up in rural England in a poor family and began teaching with his brother for income.
Thomson-went to college and grew up in the city
Rutherford-big family, not rich, went to college
Chadwick-went to college grew up in the city
Bohr-father was a professor, and went to college
Some of them had money and others did not. So this was not such a big issue. However, all of them had some connection to science. Some mentor to fuel their experimental, philosophical, discovering expertise.
nobelprize.org
Why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? What are the new developments- would love for you to share new sources here about what you find
We still consider it a theory because parts of it are untrue. Atoms are divisible, just not by ordinary chemical means. The new developments to this are J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, James Chadwick, Henri Bequerel,and Niels Bohr's discoveries.
Why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom?
Atoms make up everything and the structure of atoms allows you to know many properties. To gain a greater understanding of how things works and continue to make new discoveries it is vital to know the basics.
Lindsey!!!!!!!!!!!
-Who were the main characters in the development of the atom?
- Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford
- Why were they vital to the development of the atom
- They were all vital in the development of the atom because they all used their previous knowledge of science and added on to each development of the atom.
-What made them different if anything?
- What made them different is that they all had their own thoughts and conclusions about the atom but they combined them together to develop one small thing that is a big deal.
-Think about your lessons in history and discuss how the time period that they lived in determined the outcome of their discovery/ or how it influenced those individuals to be the names that we know today (aka did it matter where they grew up or if they had money?)
- The time period played a big role in the outcome of their discover. A lack of technology was a set back in that time and few people in that time had a good educational background and few had the opportunity to experiment and discover new ideas because of the lack of money. The people that had the money are the ones who we know today because they had the money to back up their discoveries and had money to experiment with. Money was a way to gain your scientist status during that time. So it mattered where you grew up and if you had money.
- Why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? What are the new developments- would love for you to share new sources here about what you find
- We still consider the atomic theory still a theory because two of the theories were proven untrue therefore, it was not established into a law. Since the discovery of the atom we have discovered new information regarding to atoms so a new modern theory was developed.
-Why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom
- It matters that we understand the structure of the atom since everything is made up of atoms. If we do not understand the atom when we will not understand everything around us.
Wednesday, September 22, 2010
jessie boswell
-who were the main characters in the development of the atom
Democritus, John Dalton, J.J Thomson, Ernest Rutherford
- Why were they vital to the development of the atom
They were all vital to the development of the atom because they each used previous knowledge on matter to figure out what
was next to come out of this uknown thing.
_ what made them differnt if anything
The thing that made them different is that they all used their minds to come to a conclusion about something so small that you could not see with your own eyes… kind of like thinking out of the box?
- Think about your lessons in history and discuss how the time period that they lived in determined the outcome of their discovery/ or how it influenced those individuals to be the names that we know today (aka did it matter where they grew up or if they had money?)
The time period did have an effect on the discovery and how it influenced those individuals to be the names we know today. The effects on discovery that in this time period very little people but the rich were educated and very few of them had the brain to think about things such as an atom!
- Why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? What are the new developments- would love for you to share new sources here about what you find
We consider it a theory because we still do not know everything to this day about an atom; we dig deeper and deeper into the basics of an atom every day. Not all atoms are exactly the same either, which is why it is still a theory.
- Why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom
Monday, September 20, 2010
gatorshelton
Austin Trevor Shelton
Beginning of Chemistry
- who were the main characters in the development in of atom? John Dalton, Micheal Faraday, Dimitri Mendeleev & J.L. Meyer, Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, Max Planck, Albert Einstein, H.G.J. Moseley
- why were they vital to the develpment of the atom? John dalton had published the atomic theory in 1808 with his work it explained that all the atoms of an element are the same size and weight, and atoms of the elements unite chemically in simple numerical ratios to form compounds. Micheal Faraday had backed up Dalton's theory with his law of electrolysis. Dimitri Mendeleez & J.L. Meyer simultaneously created the periodic table which arragned atoms of different elements in order of increasing atomic weight so that elements with similir chemical properties fell into groups. Enerst Rutherford developed the first coherent explaination of the structure of an atom in 1911. Niels Bohr applied the quantum theory and proposed that electrons could circle a nucleus without radiating energy in orbits for which their obirtal angular momentum. Max Planck & Albert Einstein developed the quantum theory. H.G.J. Moseley showed that each nucleus was characterized by and atomic number, equal to the number of unit positive charges associated with it.
- what made them different if anything? some contributed more the studies of atoms but all still learned from others discoveries and theories.
- Think about your lesson in history and discuss how the time period that they lived in determined the outcome of their discovery/ or how it influenced those individuals to be the names that we know today(aka did it matter where they grew up or if they had money?) the scientist in the earlier time periods to the discovery of the atom didnt have as much technology to further explore and learn and that would be a major factor also money is a great way to gain your status in the scientific word mostly because money makes the world with turn and without it they couldnt further their education and research the atom.
- why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? what are the new developments- would for you to share new sources here about what you find? several scientist have tested the atomic theory and proved 2 parts of the theory to be untrue and not all atoms are the same depending on its atomic weight, isoptopes, the element and several other properties including mp & bp.
- why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom? to better understand chemistry and the elements around us and their atoms we must understand what the structure of those atoms and how many protons, neutrons, and electrons, its atomic weight and many other properties to classify the elements.
Friday, September 17, 2010
KAYLY
1. Who were the main characters in the development of the atom
Modern atomic theory begins with the work of John Dalton. In 1911, Ernest Rutherford developed the first coherent explanation of the structure of an atom. Niels Bohr applied the quantum theory developed by Max Planck and Albert Einstein to the problem of atomic structure.
2. Why were they vital to the development of the atom.
Dalton's atomic theory is only the theory on which we base almost all our knowledge at the atomic level on (with a few minor changes). His theory is the theoretical foundations in chemistry
3. What made them different if anything.
Nothing. They were all scientists associated with discovering atoms.
4. Think about your lessons in history and discuss how the time period that they lived in determined the outcome of their discovery/ or how it influenced those individuals to be the names that we know today (aka did it matter where they grew up or if they had money?)
Scientists back in those days were probably the people who had a lot of money.. enough to go to college and learn all that and afford laboratories and supplies to discover the atoms.
5. Why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? What are the new developments- would love for you to share new sources here about what you find.
Because Dalton had certain parts of it wrong. (2 of his theories)
6. Why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom.
Everything is made up of atoms. We wouldn’t understand anything that makes up the world today or what it consists of if we didn’t even know what atom
1. Who were the main characters in the development of the atom
Modern atomic theory begins with the work of John Dalton. In 1911, Ernest Rutherford developed the first coherent explanation of the structure of an atom. Niels Bohr applied the quantum theory developed by Max Planck and Albert Einstein to the problem of atomic structure.
2. Why were they vital to the development of the atom.
Dalton's atomic theory is only the theory on which we base almost all our knowledge at the atomic level on (with a few minor changes). His theory is the theoretical foundations in chemistry
3. What made them different if anything.
Nothing. They were all scientists associated with discovering atoms.
4. Think about your lessons in history and discuss how the time period that they lived in determined the outcome of their discovery/ or how it influenced those individuals to be the names that we know today (aka did it matter where they grew up or if they had money?)
Scientists back in those days were probably the people who had a lot of money.. enough to go to college and learn all that and afford laboratories and supplies to discover the atoms.
5. Why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? What are the new developments- would love for you to share new sources here about what you find.
Because Dalton had certain parts of it wrong. (2 of his theories)
6. Why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom.
Everything is made up of atoms. We wouldn’t understand anything that makes up the world today or what it consists of if we didn’t even know what atom
Thursday, September 16, 2010
Kallie!
-who were the main characters in the development of the atom
The main characters in the development of the atom were Democritus and John Dalton. Democritus was a Greek philosopher who brought the idea about that matter consisted of tiny particles, which became known as atoms. Dalton ran across this idea while he was conducting many experiments and realizing compounds must have a definite composition, this became know as Dalton's Atomic Theory. Dalton backed up Proust's' and Lavoisier's theories as well. Both Democritus and John Dalton had a big part in the development of the atom.
- Why were they vital to the development of the atom
Democritus was the "inventor" of the atom, if you will. He thought of this and gave it a name, the atom. Dalton put all of his theories, and the theories of others to the test, and came up with very important results which proved the existence of the atom.
_ what made them different if anything
Dalton was the one who proved all of these theories and the Law of Conservation of mass, and helped all of us better understand the atom.
- Think about your lessons in history and discuss how the time period that they lived in determined the outcome of their discovery/ or how it influenced those individuals to be the names that we know today (aka did it matter where they grew up or if they had money?)
In that time period, they didn't have as many resources but had other scientists results to go off of and expand. Money mattered very much, they would've had to have had money to get lab equipment and test the hypothesis'.
- Why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? What are the new developments- would love for you to share new sources here about what you find
We still consider it a theory because not everything the scientists have hypothesised has turned up to be true. Today we know that atoms can be destroyed via nuclear reactions but not by chemical reactions. Also, there are different kinds of atoms (differing by their masses) within an element that are known as "isotopes", but isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties.
- Why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom.
It matters because everything is made up of atoms; if we understand them, we can understand the things around us, even down to the tinniest atom.
little hunt
Hunter Lowe
Atom Blog
1. The atom was discovered in 1766 by John Dalton and Thompson.
2. He was vital to the discovery of the atom because by attempting to combine two elements he proved that atoms existed. Thompson discovered the first component part of the atom: the electron, a particle with a negative electric charge.
3. They were both great thinkers and visionaries that were only separated by a short amount of time, allowing their minds to think as a team.
4. The time period was a period of new beginnings, specifically being learning. When people like Dalton and Thompson began to experiment with new ideas and theories it inspired others to follow in the same foot-steps as them. Money played an enormous role in how much of a difference you were able to make. You needed money to fund your experiment such as equipment. Also people with money were more recognized for their ideas.
5. Every year people are making discoveries and agreeing their views and adding to the knowledge of the atom. The latest development that I could find was the one in 1932 by James Chadwick who proved that neutrons existed and are made up of approximately half the mass of an atom.
6. Because to understand chemistry we must understand the basic components that we as a class will be handling and using to further our knowledge.
Atom Blog
1. The atom was discovered in 1766 by John Dalton and Thompson.
2. He was vital to the discovery of the atom because by attempting to combine two elements he proved that atoms existed. Thompson discovered the first component part of the atom: the electron, a particle with a negative electric charge.
3. They were both great thinkers and visionaries that were only separated by a short amount of time, allowing their minds to think as a team.
4. The time period was a period of new beginnings, specifically being learning. When people like Dalton and Thompson began to experiment with new ideas and theories it inspired others to follow in the same foot-steps as them. Money played an enormous role in how much of a difference you were able to make. You needed money to fund your experiment such as equipment. Also people with money were more recognized for their ideas.
5. Every year people are making discoveries and agreeing their views and adding to the knowledge of the atom. The latest development that I could find was the one in 1932 by James Chadwick who proved that neutrons existed and are made up of approximately half the mass of an atom.
6. Because to understand chemistry we must understand the basic components that we as a class will be handling and using to further our knowledge.
Monday, September 13, 2010
beginning of chemistry
So we have been discussing the beginnings of the atom, and now I want to know what you think.
-who were the main characters in the development of the atom
- Why were they vital to the development of the atom
_ what made them differnt if anything
- Think about your lessons in history and discuss how the time period that they lived in determined the outcome of their discovery/ or how it influenced those individuals to be the names that we know today (aka did it matter where they grew up or if they had money?)
- Why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? What are the new developments- would love for you to share new sources here about what you find
- Why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom
Hey ya'll you have to post your thoughts, then you have to respond to a post from one of your classmates!
Due Date? Week of 9/20-9/24 depending on the day Chemistry sets- that includes your post and and a response to a classmate
-who were the main characters in the development of the atom
- Why were they vital to the development of the atom
_ what made them differnt if anything
- Think about your lessons in history and discuss how the time period that they lived in determined the outcome of their discovery/ or how it influenced those individuals to be the names that we know today (aka did it matter where they grew up or if they had money?)
- Why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? What are the new developments- would love for you to share new sources here about what you find
- Why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom
Hey ya'll you have to post your thoughts, then you have to respond to a post from one of your classmates!
Due Date? Week of 9/20-9/24 depending on the day Chemistry sets- that includes your post and and a response to a classmate
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